Word: 0s
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...later. But how? In part, the answer lies in a beguilingly simple form of arithmetic: the binary system. Instead of the ten digits (0 through 9) of the familiar decimal system, the computer uses just the binary's two symbols (1 and 0). And with enough Is and 0s any quantity can be represented...
Working with long strings of Is and 0s would be cumbersome for humans-but it is a snap for a digital computer. Composed mostly of parts that are essentially on-off switches, the machines are perfectly suited for binary computation. When a switch is open, it corresponds to the binary digit 0; when it is closed, it stands for the digit 1. Indeed, the first modern digital computer completed by Bell Labs scientists in 1939 employed electromechanical switches called relays, which opened and closed like an old-fashioned Morse telegraph key. Vacuum tubes and transistors can also be used...
...algebra, or mathematical logic, that can reliably determine if a statement is true or false. The other was Alan Turing, who pointed out in the 1930s that, with Boolean algebra, only three logical functions are needed to process these "trues" and "falses";-or, in computer terms, Is and 0s...
...simplest and most common combination of the gates is the half-adder, which is designed to add two Is, a 1 and a 0, or two 0s (see diagram). If other half-adders are linked to the circuit, producing a series of what computer designers call full adders, the additions can be carried over to other columns for tallying up ever higher numbers. Indeed, by using only addition, the computer can perform the three other arithmetic functions. Multiplication is often accomplished by repeated additions, division by repeated subtractions. Subtraction, on the other hand, can be done by an old trick...
...first film in English. It is certainly not among his better ones. An intimate psychological drama about a love affair and an ensuing domestic crisis, The Touch is reminiscent of those sober and slightly dreary "women's dramas" that Bergman made back in the mid-'5'0s, films like A Lesson in Love or Brink of Life. The plot is narrowly, intensely focused on a housewife named Karin (Bibi Andersson), who is approaching middle age and who, after 15 years of marriage, yields to her first extramarital affair. Hers is a loving, even a model marriage, which...