Word: 11th
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...just such a project--the revival of a revolutionary piece of dance and music called Carmina Burana. The work is a collection of poems celebrating spring, the bawdiness of tavern life and the complications of love, probably written by students, scholars and monks who roamed Western Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries. Carl Orff, a German composer, set the poems to music in 1937 and the score now includes choral and solo singing in Latin, German and French...
...historical laundry that blizzarded down in an undifferentiated heap when the past was taking place, then sorting it out in chaste, clean piles. It never makes sense, even when considering years as recent as the past 60. What really happened? History relies on memory, and memory on will. An 11th century Chinese emperor possessed a newly invented clock, which his people knew about, though no one owned a clock but he. When the emperor died, the imperial clock was allowed to fall apart, and everyone forgot that such a device had ever existed. Five hundred years later, Matteo Ricci...
...people of Aley and Ain Zhalta and other Druze towns, all prisoners of collective folk memories in which rights and wrongs are forever remembered. "We are the first people of Lebanon," says a Druze village elder, referring to his sect, which broke away from Islam in the 11th century (see box). "We cannot be ignored. We respect the rights of others, but they must respect our rights...
...Front, threatened to split Lebanon's 4 million people far more effectively than any foreign forces could. The front's three leaders represent the major religious opponents of Gemayel's Christian Phalange. As leader of the Druze, an esoteric, secretive religious sect that emerged in the 11th century as an offshoot of Islam, Walid Jumblatt, 34, speaks for about 250,000 Lebanese. Rashid Karami, 62, who served as Prime Minister during the 1960s and still retains a power base in Tripoli, is a Sunni Muslim, as are a million Lebanese. Though Suleiman Franjieh, 73, who served...
...origin of the modern novel in the pages of Don Quixote. In fact, the first instance of fully developed narrative occurred 600 years before Cervantes in The Tale of Genji, a 1,135-page work by Lady Murasaki, a member of the court of the Empress Akiko. The 11th century work offers a panoply of "modern" elements; analyses of character, elisions of time and place, divisions into chapters...