Word: 16th
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Polish artistry drew on the resources of Europe. During the early 16th century reign of Sigismund I, Italian Renaissance artists were at work in Poland. Even two centuries later, the most famous master in the country bore the name of Bernardo Bellotto, a nephew of Canaletto. A court painter from 1767 to 1780, he used a camera obscura to obtain perfect perspectives for his city scapes. After the destruction of Warsaw during World War II, his paintings were so accurate that they were used to reconstruct demolished monuments and buildings. The horn of the Wieliczka salt miners, made...
...which Jews, as unbelievers, were forbidden to serve. They were clearly set aside from the rest of Christendom, forced to live in ghettos, made to wear special clothing, confined to such shunned occupations as money-lending. What brought the era of anti-Semitic art to an end in the 16th century, Blumenkranz says, was the artistic sophistication of the Renaissance, with its emphasis on realism, and the Reformation. Once Catholics and Protestants began to fight one another, they had less interest in baiting Judaism...
...Fighting Prince of Donenal. Red Hugh O'Donnell, prince of Donegal, was the great Irish hero of the 16th century. At 15, the wild child of the North was such a terror to the English that the viceroy shut him up in Dublin Castle for safekeeping. At 19, he escaped and launched a campaign of impetuous brilliance that drove the British out of Ulster and Connaught. In the next nine years, the O'Donnell and his tall gallo-glavses made Irish stew out of British armies sent against them. Then, while on a mission to the court...
Still, many who kill themselves have an understandable desire for extinction-Shneidman and Farberow call them "surcease" suicides. Brilliant, hard-driving lames Forrestal, the first U.S. Defense Secretary, who threw himself from a 16th-story hospital window in May of 1949, was suffering from a mental breakdown and decided that life was unendurable with his mind impaired. Novelist Virginia Woolf also killed herself (in April 1941) because she thought she was going mad. Poet Hart Crane was seriously deranged when he killed himself in April 1932, as was Ernest Hemingway when he blew his brains out with his favorite shotgun...
...required no added props. As laid out by Hearst's architect, Julia Morgan, it is surrounded by two Etruscan-style colonnades, backed by a Greco-Roman temple, and fronted by a marble Birth of Venus. Equally awe-inspiring is the 83-ft.-long assembly hall with an immense 16th century Italian carved-walnut ceiling and a 16th century French stone mantelpiece for which Hearst outbid even John D. Rockefeller. Another favorite is the 27-ft.-high refectory, a monastic dining hall, lined with cathedral choir stalls and hung with 22 Sienese banners...