Word: 16th
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Christians of Rome, commended "our sister Phoebe, a deaconess of the church at Cenchreae . . . for she has been a helper of many and of myself as well." Out of that beginning grew orders of deaconesses for service and of conventual nuns for contemplation. The great Protestant reformers of the 16th century rejected the ascetic ideal of post-Renaissance convents; serious thought of establishing some form of Protestant sisterhood is scarcely 150 years...
Ceremonially blowing smoke to the four winds, Mayan priests puffed their pipes to please the gods; the Sioux passed around the calumet to seal the peace; 16th century Frenchman Jean Nicot (whose name is immortalized in the word nicotine) promoted pipe smoking as a sure cure for ulcers; and 19th century authors rhapsodized like Bulwer-Lytton: "A pipe, it is a great soother, a pleasant comforter. Blue devils fly before its honest breath. It ripens the brain, it opens the heart, and the man who smokes thinks like a Samaritan...
...supply of old masters available is constantly dwindling. The Yale University Art Gallery has added Rubens' turbulent Hero and Leander, painted around 1606, when the artist was under 30. It is a painting of tragic fury with the kind of magnificent melodrama that was to appeal to the 16th century romantics...
...Dancer in Darkness, by David Stacton. In this neo-Gothic retelling, an old and bloody tale-best known in John Webster's 16th century play, The Duchess of Malfi-becomes a great horror story...
Machiavelli's Pupil. Erlanger makes it clear that 16th century behavior must not be cut to fit 20th century motives. In particular he observes that separation of church and state was not an unpopular idea in the 16th century; it was not an idea at all, and a ruler to whom it had been expressed would have found it incomprehensible...