Word: 1830s
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Cities were growing rapidly in size: by 1830 the population of New York City was 242,000, of Philadelphia 80,462. Though not yet industrialized, the cities were nonetheless violent. The decades of the 1830s and 1840s were among the most tumultuous in our history. Rioting became commonplace for reasons that were partly economic (depressions that put artisans out of work or immigration that put them in competition with cheaper labor), partly religious (Catholics, Masons and Mormons were attacked and their buildings burned), partly political (the early anti-slavery agitation), and partly sporting (the drunker members of volunteer fire companies...
...nearly three decades of low or at least stable crime rates. Rising crime during a period of rising prosperity was a profound shock, particularly following an era of political calm, apparent national unity, and widespread optimism about the strength and virtue of American society. No doubt Americans of the 1830s were equally shocked when the tumult and licentiousness of the Jacksonian era followed on the remembered-and perhaps exaggerated-heroics of the Revolutionary years...
...Friedrich, nature was an ethical teacher, a repository of religious experience. And when he found his pictures widely ignored (he was not a success in the marketplace), he succumbed to an almost paranoid embitterment, watching "realist" landscape triumph over his ideal form of it in the 1830s. For the naturalists, Friedrich had one last word. "If [the artist] sees nothing within him," he wrote, "then he should also refrain from painting what he sees before him. Otherwise his pictures will be like those folding screens behind which"-startling phrase-"one expects to find only the sick or the dead...
...that historians are moving closer to quantification as a basis for studying past movements, Degler's subject matter puts him at a disadvantage. While he may march through studies of Southern dissent predating the Nullification crisis of the 1830s and continuing until around 1900, he cannot take a census of the Other South. Like the "Southern liberals" in the 1940s and 50s, the majority of nineteenth century dissenting Southerners were silent and they had few spokesmen in the raging debates of their times. Those who left records of their views--writers, newspaper editors, business leaders or politicians--had some access...
...that pursued him. (DeVoto had a fondness for domestic help, new Buicks and private education.) This "literary department store" came as close as he could to respectability as a historian. In 1948 he won a Pulitzer Prize for Across the Wide Missouri, a chronicle of fur trappers in the 1830s. Five years later, a National Book Award came for The Course of Empire, which starts with a provocative quote from Columbus to Queen Isabella and ends with the Lewis and Clarke Expedition reaching the Pacific...