Word: 1860s
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...scientific studies of marijuana are uncertain, the studies on cocaine are even more mysterious. When the drug's active ingredient was chemically isolated in the 1860s, doctors soon found that cocaine was valuable as a local anesthetic. They also found that it acted as a very pleasant stimulant. Young Sigmund Freud used it and advocated it: "The psychic effect consists of exhilaration and lasting euphoria...
...WHOLE FUNCTION of the artist in the world," Ruskin wrote, "is to be a seeing and feeling creature...the work of his life is to be twofold only: to see, to feel." The conviction advanced in the 1860s and '70s by the French Impressionists that seeing is equivalent to feeling has been present in photography throughout its history. But only recently, especially with the sudden increase of color work among serious photographers, has a painterly love and awe for pure optical effects impressively begun to displace the photographer's traditional documentary concerns...
...would cause the star to contract into a white dwarf, a sphere only about as big as the earth but so dense that each cubic centimeter would weigh a ton. Their calculations finally made sense of a dim companion of the star Sirius that was first observed in the 1860s and had puzzled astronomers for decades. Though the star was apparently small, it exerted an inexplicably great gravitational pull on Sirius. The dense little companion?like others that have been observed since?was a white dwarf. But would bigger stars, with greater gravity, shrink into still smaller, even more dense...
...French first landed in Vietnam in the 1860s, but they did not manage to wipe out the last remnants of major resistance until...
...Abraham Lincoln: "Actions which otherwise would be unconstitutional could become lawful if undertaken for the purpose of preserving the Constitution and the nation." Said Nixon: "Now that's the kind of action I'm referring to." Again, Frost refused to equate preserving the Union in the 1860s with deterring dissent in the 1970s...