Word: 1870s
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Beginning in the 1870s, on the heels of massive immigration of Irish and German Catholics to America, groups like the Order of United Americans, a jingoistic association that more or less constituted the political wing of the Freemasons, organized to oppose the integration of the new immigrants into society. Efforts to deny them franchise and educational benefits were undertaken in state legislatures. Some of their efforts were hardly subtle. Eminent cartoonist Thomas Nast drew a rather frank editorial cartoon, entitled “The American River Ganges,” published in May 8, 1875 in Harper?...
...Last Samurai, set in the late 1870s, chronicles the fall of Japan’s revered samurai warrior class as the country modernized, wiping out lingering traces of its feudal past. Starring Tom Cruise as an American civil war veteran hired to train Japan’s first modern army and Ken Watanabe, it is a film intent on celebrating the samurai way of life, which is governed by the principles of its honor-based moral code, “bushido...
...often violent color. As strange as it may seem, at the start of the 20th century color was contentious. Old theories of art still held that the color in a painting should be secondary to the drawing: get the structure down and then color it in. But from the 1870s Impressionism had disturbed this dull consensus. The Impressionists painted outdoors and quickly. They showed that lines did not exist to sight, but were imposed on the world by the mind. In other words, we see structure because we know it exists. The Impressionists gave structure to their paintings by juxtaposing...
...resonance in a distant land that, a century earlier, embraced some revolutionary French ideas about politics. "I hated conventional art," said Mary Cassatt, a leading American artist of the 19th and 20th centuries. "When I joined the Impressionists, I began to live." Cassatt was not alone. By the late 1870s Impressionism was already an established movement in France. American painters were flocking there to embrace the new style, blending European approaches and techniques with their own influences and vision. Cassatt and her contemporaries - including John Leslie Breck, Childe Hassam, William Merritt Chase, John Singer Sargent, Theodore Robinson - created a style...
Those sentiments of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels formed part of the Communist Manifesto, first published in February 1848, a few weeks before revolutions swept through Europe. The revolutions failed, and Marx fell out of favor; not until the 1870s did the Manifesto find a large audience. Now, as Genoa prepares for what may be the largest demonstration against globalization ever seen, the Manifesto deserves to be read again. And no, we're not kidding...