Word: 1880s
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...plan had its roots in the accident-prone 1880s, when the odds against a brakeman's dying a natural death were almost 4 to 1. Employers later became liable for injuries, but trainmen had a hard time hiring good lawyers to protect their rights. In 1930 the brotherhood opened a legal-aid department - a pioneering plan offering injured trainmen the services of 16 highly skilled lawyers. Stationed around the U.S., these lawyers agreed to limit their fees to 25% of the amount recovered, and they returned part of their fees to the brotherhood...
...thanks to Edison, who first recorded the human voice in 1877, T.R.'s words were later etched in wax. Thanks to Michigan State University's new National Voice Library, Americans can now hear his speech, along with 16,000 other voices and sounds going back to the 1880s-everything from Gladstone hailing "the triumph of the phonograph" to Billy
Coming of Age. But there has always existed a countervailing, more enlightened element in the Irish community, writes Shannon. The list ranges from James Cardinal Gibbons of Baltimore, who in the 1880s urged lay Catholics to join trade unions, to Al Smith, the ebullient Governor of New York, on to the liberal priest John Ryan, who was Father Coughlin's most persistent Catholic critic...
Many of the Los Angeles Times's proudest achievements lie behind it, the work of a fiery Union Army colonel who charged into the city in the 1880s. From the editor's desk chair, Harrison Gray Otis directed Los Angeles' destiny as if that stretch of parched Western littoral were his private command. His editorials helped break the railroads' throttle hold on the city; his campaigns got a harbor built and brought desperately needed water 240 miles over the mountains from the Owens River. Before Otis died, the Times was a dominant Los Angeles institution. Like...
Stomach surgery has developed in a broken-gaited fashion, with surgeons periodically going back to and modifying old techniques. Physicians realized in the 1880s that man can get along, after a fashion, with only a remnant of his stomach. German-born Surgeon Theodor Billroth then decided it was possible to cut out the lower stomach and pylorus and join what was left of the stomach to the duodenum (see top diagram). After this "subtotal gastrectomy," or "Billroth I," came a still more daring invention, "hemigastrectomy," or "Billroth II": cutting out about half of the stomach and hitching up what...