Word: 1880s
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...country's first antidrug law, adopted in the 1880s, prescribed zanshu, decapitation with a samurai sword, for those trafficking in narcotics. Opium eating, a major problem in 19th century China, never caught on in Japan. After World War II, however, heroin began to gain a foothold. Rival gangs pushed the drug among prostitutes and in the underworld generally bringing Japan to what Tokyo Social Worker Michmari Sugahara called "the verge of hell...
Ever since the 1880s, the clean desert air over El Paso has been smudged black from smokestacks belonging to the American Smelting & Refining Company. El Pasoans sneezed and coughed, but the belchings seemed a necessary nuisance to most people-and particularly to the plant's 750 workers, largely Mexicans, who earned their livelihood by smelting copper and lead...
...finds that the city's psyche took form in the 1880s, when the first waves of midwestern farmers arrived by the trainload. What they sought in L.A. was not urbanity but a continuation of their dispersed, self-reliant way of life. Thus, Banham says, "Los Angeles is the Middle West raised to the flashpoint, the authoritarian dogmas of the Bible Belt and the perennial revolt against them colliding at critical mass under the palm trees. Out of it comes a cultural situation where only the extreme is normal." To reinforce that pattern, Hollywood bloomed in the 1920s, adding...
...dependent on the whims of foreign buyers. Partly as a result, Cuba never developed a coherent, stratified society. In colonial times, unscrupulous slave traders could, and did, buy titles from the Spanish for $25,000, and no true and stabilizing aristocracy ever evolved. After a sugar crisis in the 1880s such aristocrats as there were fell under the influence of large corporations, many of them American. When at the turn of the century Cuba, with U.S. help, joyfully threw off Spanish rule and entered history as a nation, it was not ready for parliamentary democracy...
...Tahiti paintings that opens this week at the Cincinnati Art Museum. The show runs from Gauguin's first semi-impressionist works of the early 1870s through a spectrum of influences to the full development of his style at Aries and Pont-Aven in the late 1880s. And it provides useful insights upon one of the more picturesque figures in early modernism, whose career demonstrated that unforgettable images could be drawn from a system of selfdelusion...