Word: 1880s
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Early Chains. As a "monopolist," Newhouse has to give considerable ground to the early U.S. chain builders. Beginning in the 1880s, and teaming with one partner or another, a onetime Rushville, Ill., farm boy named Edward Wyllis Scripps bought or started 52 dailies as well as a news agency (United Press) and various feature syndicates. Hearst, another prodigious newspaper buyer, acquired a total of 42 dailies, also had his own wire service (International News Service), a Sunday supplement (American Weekly), a kit bag of magazines, and even a film company (established mainly to produce star vehicles for his mistress...
...1880s. Industrial competition from Europe turns British trade to the Empire...
...heat of the Commonwealth controversy, few Britons recall that its sacrosanct trade ties started as a marriage of convenience-and have lately proved increasingly inconvenient. Since the 1880s, British politicians have dreamed of the Empire as a competition-proof common market that would forever absorb British manufactured goods and supply cheap raw materials in exchange. But it never worked that way. In 1962, as Richard Cobden protested in the early 19th century, the Commonwealth is, in purely economic terms, "but a gorgeous and ponderous appendage to swell our ostensible grandeur without improving our balance of trade...
average of 3.87?). What was hard to swallow was the realization that if Beech-ing succeeds in adapting to modern needs and techniques a 50,000-mile network designed for the 1880s, scores of branch lines and hundreds of its 7,000 stations will disappear. The last of the beloved "puffing billies" will yield to gaseous diesels or electric locomotives, and the aromatic privacy of the old first-class passenger compartment will give way to open, air-conditioned cars with central aisles, airliner seats and Muzak...
Protestant Empire. In the 1880s, liberals and nationalists were vying for control of Bismarck's newly unified Germany. Mary took the side of the nationalists, whose religious fervor appealed to her. She befriended a fiery Lutheran preacher named Adolph Stoecker and installed him in her salon, where he led the company in hymns to the Fatherland, and excoriated Jews. Mary dreamed of a pure Protestant empire stretching from the U.S. to Europe to the Middle East, and rabid nationalists from all over Germany swarmed to sit at her feet. Under her influence, Wilhelm lost all interest in liberalism. When...