Word: 18th
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...turns out. He painted Ines, and her wealthy father was one of his patrons. But in Goya's Ghosts he is pretty much what he was in life - the politically temporizing foreground observer of Ines' anguish, which is symbolic, in its way, of Spain's anguish as the 18th Century turned into the 19th, its royal family deposed by the bloodily invading French, who were, in turn, defeated by the British. Mostly (and this is historically true) Goya wished to pursue his genius unhindered by political intrusion. If that meant painting portraits - many of them subtly touched by his loathing...
...small stature and unflappable play. Tom Watson remained calm in 1975 despite failing to make a par on the 16th hole in all four rounds. And the defining image of the Open in 1999 will always be Jean Van De Velde ankle-deep in the water guarding the 18th green, squandering a three-shot lead on the final day by failing to play the hole conservatively. "I just didn't feel comfortable hitting a wedge," he later explained. "Maybe it would have been against the spirit of a Frenchman...
...concurring opinion, Justice Clarence Thomas says he is all for this, but he comes at the issue from left field or, more accurately, from somewhere in the 18th century. Thomas plays the crotchety schoolmarm, proclaiming that students should not have any free-speech rights in school. In the good old days, he writes, "teachers taught, and students listened. Teachers commanded, and students obeyed. Teachers did not rely solely on the power of ideas to persuade; they relied on discipline to maintain order." Spare the rod, he concludes, and spoil that little dickens Joseph Frederick...
...fortunes of the Marwaris grew, so did their cultural and social clout. Nowhere is this more evident than in Mandawa. Those who brave its blistering summer heat, these days, come as much for the seven-foot-thick turrets and spiked elephant gate of Kesri Singh's magnificent 18th-century castle as for the painted houses left behind by the Marwaris. Called "havelis," painting the walls and ceilings of their ancestral houses became a way for the strictly vegetarian Marwaris to show off a little. The ceiling of one such haveli, for example, shows the flute-playing Hindu god Krishna frolicking...
Well into the 18th century, child-rearing manuals in America were generally addressed to fathers, not mothers. But as industrialization began to separate home and work, fathers could not be in both places at once. Family life of the 19th century was defined by what historians call the feminization of the domestic sphere and the marginalization of the father as a parent. By the 1830s, child-rearing manuals, increasingly addressed to mothers, deplored the father's absence from the home. In 1900 one worried observer could describe "the suburban husband and father" as "almost entirely a Sunday institution...