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...petticoat government" was how one 18th century British observer described the workings of the Cherokee Indian tribe. Not only were women influential with the tribal elders, but those who had performed special acts of valor bore an honorific title: Beloved Woman. Despite such enlightened attitudes, no woman has ever headed the Cherokees, the nation's second-largest tribe (after the Navajo), whose 67,000 members live mainly in Oklahoma. That will change when the present Cherokee chief, Ross Swimmer, is confirmed by the Senate as head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. His elected tribal deputy, Wilma Mankiller, 40, will...
...Women are very often the focal point of the tribe," notes Vincent Monico, a BIA spokesman, "because they run the family." Of the 504 American tribes, 43 are headed by women. Man-killer, whose unusual last name was inherited from an 18th century warrior ancestor, is divorced and has two daughters. She will oversee some 45,000 acres of Cherokee land and the tribe's industries, which have sales of about $12 million a year. Says she: "It's like running a tiny, tiny country." CIVIL RIGHTS Double-Barreled Discrimination...
Hasidism is a mystical movement, founded in the mid-18th century by a rabbi known as the Baal Shem Tov (Master of the Good Name). His teachings, which emphasized the immediacy of God's presence in everyday life, quickly swept through the shtetls of Eastern Europe. Today there are 200,000 Hasidim in the U.S., divided into about 40 "courts." After several of these communities rebuffed Harris, she turned to the Lubavitchers, named after the Belorussian village adopted as home by their founder. The group, led by Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, 83, blends the rational and emotional aspects of religion...
...political events, which he labeled "surface disturbances, crests of foam that the tides of history carry on their strong backs"; in Saint-Gervais, France. Through two masterworks, his classic The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (1949) and the three-volume Civilization & Capitalism 15th-18th Century (1979), and his editorship of the journal Annales from 1956 to 1968, Braudel and his eclectic methods came to dominate French historiography, and substantially influenced scholars in Britain and the U.S. as well...
DISCOVERED. A previously unknown ARIA by Johann Sebastian Bach, among a collection of 18th century folio prints that had been removed from a library shortly before it was destroyed by fire last September; by a researcher at the Bach-Archiv foundation; in Weimar, Germany. The piece, for soprano with string or keyboard accompaniment, was written in 1713 when Bach was 28 and is the first composition by him unearthed since the 1975 discovery of new sections of the Goldberg Variations. Although the foundation says the aria isn't a major work, it considers it "a casual piece of exquisite quality...