Word: 1900s
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...disinfectant, chlorine is one of the public-health success stories of the 20th century. After it was first used to purify water supplies in the early 1900s, typhoid fever, cholera and dysentery virtually disappeared from the U.S. But the chemical has been under attack in recent years by environmentalists for contributing to the destruction of the earth's ozone layer. Greenpeace's "Chlorine Kills!" campaign is focused primarily on paper bleaching and other industrial uses, but the organization also urged pool operators to look for an alternative to chlorine...
...American appetite for it reached its apogee in the three decades from the mid-1870s to the early 1900s. This has since been christened, with every reason, the Gilded Age: the time of huge, unfettered industrial expansion; of unassailable and mutually interlocking trusts, combines and cartels; of rampant money acting under laws it wrote for itself. "Get rich," wrote Mark Twain sardonically, "dishonestly if we can, honestly if we must." From this culture of greed arose the primal names of American business: Rockefeller (oil), Carnegie and Frick (steel), Vanderbilt (railroads), the Goulds, Astors, Fisks and, towering over them...
...painters, at least, began to sense a fault line in American history--the way in which America's eager anticipation of the future might turn into a more doubt-ridden view of progress, after the fratricidal horrors of the Civil War. To Henry Adams, writing in the early 1900s, the assassination seemed to have thrown Americans into a state of mind without connection to the past; it was a secular analogy to the death...
Pinckney Street separated Beacon Hill's exclusive south side from its north, and also divided Boston's whites from its blacks during the 1900s, said Snipe, leaning against a piano in what was an empty church meeting room on a rainy Monday afternoon...
Recurring in time across China's history has been the story of the rise and decline of successive dynasties. Since the 1900s, Chinese historians have strenuously attacked this traditional way of looking at history as violating any claims in China to development and progress. They feel that such an idea lies behind the concept of "an unchanging China," which has been so damaging to foreign assessments of China's development. Such historians have looked for the deeper rhythms of economic growth and change, territorial expansion, developments in the arts, and environmental factors as examples of what we should be studying...