Word: 1900s
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...Grid, the load-bearing frame and light skin of the new buildings, came to Europe from the Chicago School, whose leader was Louis Sullivan. The Bauhaus ideal of the open plan was transmitted to Germany by Frank Lloyd Wright. Adolf Loos' messianic rejection of ornament in the early 1900s, which became such a fetish with the International Stylists, came straight out of his infatuation with American machine culture. Le Corbusier derived a good deal of his architectural syntax from the "functional" shapes of American grain elevators, docks and airplanes. And when European modernists in the early '20s dreamed...
GARMENT INDUSTRY. Throughout New York City, the center of American garment manufacturing, the kind of horrid sweatshop common in the early 1900s is flourishing anew. In Chinatown lofts, Queens garages and South Bronx storefronts, workers toil from dawn until well past dark sewing pants, shirts and blouses for as little as 8? apiece. The rooms are often dimly lit and poorly ventilated. In many cases, huge rolls of cloth block fire exits. The workers range from the young to the very old. In a raid on Chinatown sweatshops last spring, federal investigators found one 90-year-old woman...
...raised an eyebrow back in 1838, when Springfield, Ill., Lawyer Abraham Lincoln's name appeared in a newspaper ad. By the early 1900s, however, most states had outlawed attorney advertising because it was considered unnecessary and, worse, unseemly. Then, in 1976, two young Phoenix lawyers took out a one column ad offering "legal services at very reasonable fees" and listed six examples. The pair were censured by the Arizona Supreme Court. A year later they won vindication: a U.S. Supreme Court ruling that the First Amendment bars prohibition of lawyer advertising, unless, for example, it is "false, deceptive...
...England, France, Germany and Sweden to fashion tools that would enable machines to produce items like clocks and locks. The trade flourished most dramatically in America. In the early 1800s, Eli Whitney helped to pioneer mass production, using standardized, interchangeable parts at his Connecticut musket factory. By the early 1900s, the toolmaker's skills enabled machines to engrave the Lord's Prayer on a sliver of metal less than one-hundredth of an inch wide...
Invited and uninvited, rich and poor -but mostly poor-foreigners are pouring into the U.S. in greater numbers than at any time since the last great surge of European immigrants in the early 1900s. Indeed, the U.S. today accepts twice as many foreigners as the rest of the world's nations combined. Thanks in large part to the flood of Cuban and Haitian refugees last year, more than 800,000 newcomers were allowed into the country legally in 1980, up from only 526,000 in 1979. In addition an estimated 500,000 to 1 million entered illegally. Although their...