Word: 1930s
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...century it was sternly Protestant in name and happily tolerant in fact. Student Johann Wolfgang Goethe spent much of his time impressing girls in local wine cellars, called the place "Little Paris." "It was a delightfully individualistic school," recalls a West German professor who studied there in the early 1930s, when it boasted many a towering scholar. "We studied hard. We enjoyed Leipzig and its charms-the wonderful Gewandhaus orchestra, the Friday night Bach concerts in the Thomaskirche and the fine restaurants...
During the 19th century, some Jews began to drift back to Spain, followed in the 1930s and '40s by refugees from Naziism, and more recently by Jewish migrants from Morocco. Today there are about 3,000 Jews in Spain (pop. 29,662,000), about 200 of them in Madrid. During the past decade, with tentative approval from the Franco regime, Madrid's Jews have held makeshift services in a room that became known, after its owner, as "Lawenda's basement"; occasionally, they managed to rent space in the Castellano Hilton for the High Holy Days. Then, five...
...began, stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange are now worth nearly $350 billion. In the past seven years alone, the number of shareholders has doubled from 6,000,000 to 12,500,000. New corporate issues, which amounted to only about $400 million in the 1930s, now total more than $16 billion annually...
Like other famed rocket labs, e.g., Germany's Peenemünde, J.P.L. was founded by eager amateurs. In the middle 1930s, Aerodynamicist Theodore von Karman encouraged a group of Caltech students to design high-altitude sounding rockets. For a while they had no money except what they could spare from their own pockets, but in 1937 a meteorology student named Weld Arnold offered to raise $1,000. Says Dr. Frank J. Malina, one of the original rocketeers: "Arnold was a very quiet person who came and went in a mysterious way. He told me he lived in Burbank...
BRIGHTEST star among the bright young architects of the 1930s was a dour-looking, dynamic Finn named Alvar Aalto. His TB sanatorium at Paimio, Finland, with its cantilevered decks, was a landmark in the new international style. Almost singlehanded he had made wood a "modern material," used it in a dazzling variety of ways-an undulating ceiling for a library in Viipuri, an undulating wall for the Finnish Pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair-and the tastemakers of the era all sat in Aalto's curved plywood chairs. But as the glass-and-steel revolution...