Word: 1940s
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Livni was born into a political family: both her parents belonged to the Irgun, the armed Zionist militia responsible for attacks against the Arabs and the British in Palestine in the 1930s and 1940s. But she chose to steer clear of politics, first serving in the army as a lieutenant in the Israel Defense Forces, then waiting on tables in the Sinai before joining Mossad, the Israeli foreign-intelligence agency, in which she served from 1980 to 1984. She learned elementary spy craft in Paris, including lessons on how to recruit agents. She also learned the importance of discretion...
...drug cartels - a campaign that the Bush Administration seeks to back with $1.4 billion in cash and equipment. It is in Sinaloa's arid mountains that Mexico's drug trade was born, with peasant farmers first growing opium poppies - the raw ingredient for heroin - back in the 1940s. These pioneers developed violent organized crime structures that later took over the business of supplying marijuana, cocaine and then crystal meth to hungry American consumers - a market worth an estimated $30 billion to the Mexican crime families...
Rauschenberg's early thinking crystallized in the late 1940s and early '50s at Black Mountain College, where he shared ideas with the composer John Cage, who was using chance and randomness as operating principles in his art. One famous Cage composition, 4'33", was just four minutes and 33 seconds of nothing, in which the silence and whatever random noises people heard (or made) in an auditorium became the music...
...wants to look forward,” most of his discussion—which attracted about 50 people—focused on the past. He called the Nakba a “self-inflicted wound” brought on by Palestinian leaders in the 1930s and 1940s, who, he said, refused to accept the existence of a Jewish state when they were offered a two-state compromise. “Had the Palestinian leadership accepted the two-state solution of 1938, they would have a very large Palestinian land on what is today probably 70 percent of Israel...
...photographs from the early 1940s show Paris as sunny, airy, bursting with color. Its inhabitants appear carefree, content and refreshingly unaware of their proclivity for looking très chic. It's all very much at odds with the prevailing image of the French capital suffering and smoldering under the yoke of its Nazi occupiers. Indeed, that very dissonance has made the current photo exhibit "Parisians Under the Occupation" one of the city's most controversial cultural events of late. Was life in Nazi-controlled Paris really as idyllic as these pictures suggest...