Word: 1950s
(lookup in dictionary)
(lookup stats)
Dates: during 1990-1999
Sort By: most recent first
(reverse)
...badge of honor to Harold and Ben, who are clearly thrilled to be working together. When they were younger, Ben was very much the little brother walking devotedly in the older brother's footsteps: he followed Harold to Cal Tech, and then to Raytheon Corp. in the 1950s, when Ben got his very first job working for his brother, building missiles. Their paths diverged when Ben went East to get an M.B.A. and Harold started building satellites on the Coast. For years they kept up a bicoastal relationship, says Ben, "the way families that live far apart usually see each...
...entire process of achievement took a major turn toward today's exuberant state in the 1950s. The demonstration of the double-helix structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 was the long-awaited key that opened the door to a rich trove of fundamental biological knowledge. In time this discovery did nothing less than bring to light the secrets hidden within the membrane of each of the 200 different varieties into which the human body's 75 trillion cells are divided...
Science, of course, adheres to no national boundary, but at various times one country or another has dominated the medical sciences for prolonged periods. Since World War II, the U.S. has held the lead not only in molecular biology but in all scientific accomplishment. In the mid-1950s, the U.S. government rapidly expanded the National Institutes of Health to underwrite and supplement the research of American biomedical scientists, many of whom have made their most important contributions while working in the nih laboratories in Bethesda, Maryland. One result of this strategy: since 1960, more than 50% of the winners...
...epiphany--which he calls a "paradigm shift" in transplant thinking--in no way diminishes the work already accomplished. The surgical techniques used by him and his colleagues have added years--decades in some cases--to the lives of hundreds of thousands of men, women and children. From the 1950s through today, physicians like Starzl, Barnard, Toronto's Joel Cooper and Stanford's Norman Shumway have moved mountains' worth of kidneys, pancreases, livers, hearts and lungs from one human body to another...
...seems clear that there will not be a single breakthrough HIV vaccine on a par with the dramatic polio advances of the 1950s. In fact, it will probably take several generations of vaccine development to come up with even a partially effective preparation. Any future HIV vaccine will also have to counteract all 10 of the known subtypes of HIV found around the world--not to mention any new ones that might mutate into being. The task seems so daunting as to be impossible...