Word: 1960s
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Despite the new riches, no one regarded the world through Utopian spectacles in 1959; desperate poverty was still a condition of life in many lands. Nevertheless, even the humblest of nations could at least look ahead to the 1960s with hope. There were two reasons for this. In their new wealth, the nations of the West were coming to recognize that the task of aiding the underdeveloped lands is not a burden that the U.S. alone should bear; it is a job to be shared. Secondly, most underdeveloped nations have modified or cast aside their once strongly held socialist notions...
...challenge from the world is plain, and so is the solution. "If one thing is clear," says Standard Oil (N.J.) Chairman Eugene Holman. "it is that we cannot go back. Weary slogans, old patterns of thought will not be too useful in the 1960s." As Holman and many another U.S. businessman knows, the growth of the U.S. was not accomplished by old patterns of thought. It was accomplished by new ideas and experimentation, by resourcefulness and eagerness...
Russia's drive into missile technology, the committee warned, seems likely to give the enemy the world's first comprehensive missile arm. Result: "the greatest danger to its security that the United States has ever faced," in the form of a missile gap in the early 1960s. "There is as yet no active defense against an intercontinental ballistic missile in flight," warned the report, or any yet in sight. The report also found present liquid-fueled U.S. ICBMs to be wanting. Recommendation: "a most strenuous effort" behind solid-fuel missiles, e.g., the Air Force's Minuteman...
...space vehicles that NASA has under development will not be ready for launching for more than a year: Vega (Atlas plus upper stages) in 1961, Centaur (Atlas plus more powerful upper stages) in 1962, Saturn (eight Jupiters clustered together) in 1963, Nova (giant single-chamber rocket) in the mid-1960s...
...second generation of solid-fuel missiles, designed for mass production and mass deployment through the mid-1960s, must have smaller, higher-yield thermonuclear warheads to fit their smaller nose cones. The Navy's Polaris engineers managed to test their bird's initial warhead just before the moratorium, but could not test its higher-yield follow-up warhead; the Air Force's Minuteman (see SCIENCE) and the Army's Pershing are being developed at a cost of millions to fit warheads that have not been tested, and, under the moratorium, may not be. All these tests could...