Word: 1960s
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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This final twist-Lynd ends his slim outline at the Civil War-brings American radicals surprisingly close to what he regards as the final spiral in their evolution, "a frontal assault on the authority of the state." Enter the radicals of the 1960s right on cue, taking literally the nearly 200-year-old advice of the influential English political philosopher William Godwin, who declared that established authority has no more right to regulate an individual's actions than to regulate his thoughts...
...under a Fascist law originally enacted in 1927, discriminate against Italian artists whom they dislike. Foreigners gripe about the oversize Italian pavilion and the reams of red tape. In the 1950s, when the Grand Prix was awarded to established artists, the avant-garde snarled about outdated academism. In the 1960s, when the prizes went to raffish radicals like Robert Rauschenberg and Julio Le Pare, the rear guard sneered that Venice was falling prey to fashion and backstage conspiracies...
...America is not sick. It is not just this country that is violent, or society in the 1960s. Pointing fingers at the U.S. is, seemingly, a favorite pastime in today's world, and the people from other countries who do it forget or ignore their own past. One need not enumerate the bloody history of England or France, the revolution of 1917 in Russia, the conquistadores of Spain, the banana republics of Latin America, the wars of independence in Africa, the dynastic wars in China, the long conflicts in Europe, to establish such an obvious truth...
...economy is in for a long ordeal. The general workers' strike sapped French industry of more than $100 million a day in output-and this at a time when it was already showing signs of stagnation. France's growth rate, which climbed above 7% in the early 1960s, last year ebbed to 3.75%. The De Gaulle government had high hopes of increasing the figure to at least 5% in 1968. Now France will be lucky to achieve real growth of 4% in the entire year...
...more than doubled, from $49 billion in 1958 to about $108 billion in 1967?at the cost of much stress. De Gaulle hoarded gold, attacked the dollar, and did his best to keep the franc invulnerable. The nation's growth rate, which had climbed above 7% in the early 1960s, last year sank to about 3.5%. Consumer prices have shot up 39% since 1958 v. only 18% for the U.S. For a while, the workers shared in the fruits of Gaullism, and many bought their first small cars and TVs. But the costs of De Gaulle's global policies mounted...