Word: 1960s
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...1960s and early '70s, the first generation of hackers emerged in university computer-science departments. They transformed mainframes into virtual personal computers, using a technique called time sharing that provided widespread access to computers. Then in the late '70s, the second generation invented and manufactured the personal computer. These nonacademic hackers were hard-core counterculture types -- like Steve Jobs, a Beatle- haired hippie who had dropped out of Reed College, and Steve Wozniak, a Hewlett-Packard engineer. Before their success with Apple, both Steves developed and sold ``blue boxes,'' outlaw devices for making free telephone calls. Their contemporary and early...
...looking like a nearly step-by-step rip-off of "True Believer," where James Woods plays a lawyer trying to free a man who has spent eight years in Ossining ('Sing Sing') for a murder he didn't commit. In "Just Cause," James Woods' Eddie Dodd, a washed-up, 1960s hippie lawyer is replaced by Sean Connery's Paul Armstrong, a lawyer-turned-Harvard professor. Neither of the men has tried a murder case in a number of years, both are reluctant to take...
...some extent it's the very success of affirmative action that has made it vulnerable. Before the major civil rights legislation of the mid-1960s, a century of Jim Crow laws in the South and entrenched practices elsewhere enforced a world of preferences for white men--one that no mere change in the laws could undo by itself. Without affirmative action, it's unlikely that African Americans--or women--would have been able to open up such white male bastions as big-city police and fire departments. Helped by affirmative action, about one-third of blacks have made their...
...Western Australia's Premier Richard Court was disgusted: ``When former Prime Ministers are selling stories about their private lives for money, I think it is as low as you can go.'' CALCUTTA: Arsenic Agony When villagers in the Indian state of West Bengal began drilling tube wells in the 1960s, they thought they would be drinking pure artesian H2O. They were mistaken. Since 1983, more than 100,000 cases of arsenic poisoning have been reported; the consequences range from skin discoloration to cancer--and death. The source of the poison? Apparently chemical changes in the bedrock caused arsenic, a naturally...
...persecution during the Cultural Revolution; in Beijing. Xia is considered the grandfather of China's grandly propagandistic, procommunist movies, notably his 1930s screenplays of such epics as Wild Torrent and Twenty Four Hours in Shanghai. Named Vice Minister of Culture in 1954, Xia continued producing screenplays well into the 1960s. Nonetheless, during the Cultural Revolution, he was severely criticized and imprisoned for more than eight years for ``revisionist'' ideas...