Word: 1960s
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Back in the mid-1960s, at the height of the cold war, the Department of Defense faced a tough question: How could orders be issued to the armed forces if the U.S. were ravaged by a nuclear assault? The communication hubs in place at the time -- the telephone switching offices and the radio and TV broadcast stations -- were not only vulnerable to attack, they would also probably be the first to go. The Pentagon needed a military command-and-control system that would continue to operate even if most of the phone lines were in tatters and the switches...
Baran's packet-switching network, as it came to be called, might have been a minor footnote in cold war history were it not for one contingency: it took root in the computers that began showing up in universities and government ^ research laboratories in the late 1960s and early 1970s and became, by a path as circuitous as one taken by those wayward packets, the technological underpinning of the Internet...
Miami's fate, it is often said, was sealed when Fidel Castro started reading Karl Marx at the University of Havana. The mass exodus of middle- and upper- class Cubans, driven into exile by communism in the 1960s, began a process that lifted the city from its utter dependence on domestic tourism into the global economy. The Cubans, given immediate political asylum and resettlement help by Lyndon Johnson and subsequent Administrations, prospered...
While adding exotic new creeds, the tide of immigration since the 1960s has also increased the variegation within Christianity. Millions of Hispanics have brought a florid, fervent Latin sensibility into U.S. Catholicism, challenging a church hierarchy dominated by the stolid sons and grandsons of Irish immigrants, who now are struggling to recruit Hispanic priests. The bishops also face Pentecostal or Baptist soul winners who successfully target Spanish- speaking neighborhoods. Meanwhile, Koreans have had a notable impact within - Protestantism with their evangelistic zeal and religious traditionalism...
...anglicized their names, my family continued to advertise its real identity in many ways. By the time my father drank toasts at his grandsons' bar-mitzvah parties, the imperative for disguise was gone. Pamela Nadell, professor of Jewish studies at American University, traces the shift to the mid-1960s, when Israel's military prowess evoked group pride and the black-is-beautiful movement struck a chord among Jews, though few Jews went as far as some blacks who adopted African names. A son of the author Irving Wallace made a statement by reverting to David Wallechinsky in his own writing...