Word: 1960s
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...Iraqi-born physicist as his country's version of J. Robert Oppenheimer. Ja'afer, a Shi'ite Muslim, is an outspoken human-rights advocate who has been jailed for his protests against Saddam Hussein's oppression. Yet he has been honing his country's nuclear capabilities since the early 1960s. He directed operations at the Osirak reactor until an Israeli raid destroyed it in 1981, and he later served as senior technician for the Tarmiya and Sharqat pilot plants, centerpieces of what U.N. investigators say was an advanced nuclear weapons program. U.S. government sources contend that under Ja'afer...
...have to differentiate between racism and xenophobia," says Daniel Cohn-Bendit, one of the leftist leaders of the student revolt in Paris in the late 1960s, who now heads the city multicultural affairs office in Frankfurt. "I would deny that the Germans are more xenophobic than other countries...
During the 1960s and 1970s, labor-short French businesses imported planeloads of workers. Now the welcome has waned for these immigrants, particularly for the 3 million North and West Africans and their French-born children. A government study released in June showed that 71% of French citizens said the country had too many Arabs, 45% said too many blacks, and 94% acknowledged that racism is "widespread...
Reliance is not alone. Since the early 1960s, when assorted gurus proclaimed the imminent arrival of the Information Age, businesses and consumers have been eagerly awaiting its coming -- and with it, the "paperless" office and the "cashless" society. Among the techno-prophets' predictions: home shopping, electronic libraries, personal computers on every desk, soaring worker productivity, uninterrupted growth. As a result, thousands of companies invested heavily in information technology in hopes of gaining a competitive edge. Other firms, including hardware manufacturers and software developers, placed equally large bets on supplying the markets for home and office automation...
...have computers made workers more productive? Stephen Roach, a senior economist at Morgan Stanley, says white-collar productivity has been stagnant since the 1960s. By contrast, blue-collar productivity has improved by a factor of four. "Companies thought that by simply buying boxes they would somehow make people work harder," says Roach. It didn't happen, Roach discovered, largely because the technology failed to reach the top: while back-office support jobs have been automated, less than 10% of senior executives even use personal computers...