Word: 1980s
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Munyiva is a fortunate woman -- extraordinarily fortunate to be free of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Since the disease emerged in Nairobi in the early 1980s, the sexually transmitted virus has infected 90% of the city's lower-class prostitutes; but somehow Munyiva, 42, has avoided the scourge during her 13 years in that grim line of work. "Perhaps God knows that if he takes me away, my children would suffer," she says...
...full of this stuff -- by Sue Williams, Raymond Pettibon and others. Its tacky sub-pop imagery, its dazed passive-aggressive stance, its fixation on teenage weltschmerz, all entitle it to be seen as a mini-trend, linking up with the wider American cult of dumb popular therapeutics. In the 1980s, American neo-Expressionist artists shoved their excremental clods of paint at us with the self-evident pleasure that eight-year-olds take in dirty words. Patheticism is the conceptual version of this: no paint, just the words. Poo- poo, caca, and screw you, Daddy...
Nobody owns the Internet, and no single organization controls its use. In the mid-1980s the National Science Foundation built the high-speed, long- distance data lines that form Internet's U.S. backbone. But the major costs of running the network are shared in a cooperative arrangement by its primary users: universities, national labs, high-tech corporations and foreign governments. Two years ago, the NSF lifted restrictions against commercial use of the Internet, and in September the White House announced a plan to make it the starting point for an even grander concept called the National Information Infrastructure...
While some Americans might look askance at the prospect of Hispanization, it is already a fact of life in Miami. In the 1980s the city's location made it the beachhead for nearly 300,000 refugees and immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean. What seemed like a burden at the time, however, has become a business bonanza. Miami, once a town of tourists and retirees, is today being remade by its bilingual immigrants into a hemispheric crossroads for trade, travel and communications in the 21st century -- a sort of Hong Kong of the Americas...
...Garden City, Kansas (pop. 24,600), a boom in the meat-packing industry that began during the 1980s continues to attract aspiring workers, principally from Mexico and Southeast Asia. Now, of the 3,666 children in Garden City's elementary schools, roughly 700 require special help because of limited proficiency in English. Lowell, Massachusetts, was a fading city of 19th century textile mills until 1985, when the Federal Government chose it as a resettlement site for Southeast Asian families. This year, aided by federal and state grants, Lowell spent $5.9 million on bilingual education; courses are offered in Spanish, Khmer...