Word: 1980s
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...tyrant. The 84-year-old is also the last of Africa's great liberation leaders - a line that began with Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah, the first sub-Saharan African to win independence for his nation in 1957, and spread across the continent to finally embrace southern Africa in the 1980s and early '90s. For many liberation leaders, the struggle continued to define them long after it was won, and this tendency to see the future in the terms of the past has led even the most revered down some blind alleys. In South Africa, for example, President Nelson Mandela once...
...ongoing war in Iraq. But they've also failed to embrace the model of Catholic engagement that Bush spent six years putting into place. The Obama campaign is taking advantage of that opportunity. Just as Ronald Reagan brought large numbers of Catholic Democrats into the G.O.P. in the 1980s, Obama is hoping to woo them back and create a new Catholic category: Obama Republicans...
Exactly how much radiation is too much? Because CT scans came into vogue in the 1980s and radiation-induced cancer takes roughly 20 years to develop, long-term studies of CT scans and cancer are still under way. But scientists are already anticipating future health implications. Indeed, researchers found a population of 25,000 Japanese post-atomic-bomb survivors who were exposed to roughly the same amount of radiation as two CT scans. Based in part on those studies, the Food and Drug Administration estimates that an adult's lifetime risk of developing radiation-induced cancer from a CT scan...
...integration of the world's economy over the past two decades has made imposing sanctions a far more daunting challenge today than it had been during the anti-apartheid era. Whereas most of the major foreign investors in South Africa during the 1980s had been U.S. and European corporations, effective sanctions today would require support from the world's emerging economies, particularly in Asia, where the tactic is unpopular. "The appetite for international sanctions has decreased massively in the last 10 or 15 years because it's seen as much more difficult to enforce," says Thomas Cargill of the London...
...gained power, he grew intolerant of opposition. In the early 1980s, Mugabe's special forces massacred some 20,000 Ndebele tribespeople who supported a rival. He spent lavishly on houses, cars and military operations, sending thousands of troops to the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1998 for a costly anti-rebel campaign. In 2000 he encouraged the seizure of land from white farmers--a move which, combined with a drought, caused drastic food shortages. Meanwhile, Mugabe painted himself as Africa's champion, calling Western nations "neocolonialists" striving to "keep us as slaves in our own country." Even...