Word: 19th
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...last half of the 19th century, Czarist armies finally conquered the region and called all of it Turkestan. Until the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, local emirs continued to rule, and Mohammedanism was not interfered with. Rebelling against the feudal lords, Moslem intellectuals helped the Reds win control in a savage civil war that lasted until 1924. After it was over, Stalin set to work with calculated savagery to Russianize and communize the area. Tribal groups were broken up and nomads forced into collectives. In ten years, uncounted millions died from starvation or were killed. Then the Soviets turned to extirpating...
Hong Kong's British government has specific laws against this sort of thing, and Kowloon City sits in a part of the so-called New Territories, which a 19th century Manchu Emperor leased to Britain as part of the crown colony. But only when Kowloon City's rip-roaring illegal activities spilled over too flagrantly onto the island itself some two miles away, have the British tried-not too successfully-to enforce the law there. In 1947 the British tried to clear out thousands of Kowloon squatters, but the Nationalist Chinese then ruling the mainland disputed British authority...
...Modern Jazz Quartet, a fine, precise team of arrangement-conscious musicians led by Pianist John Lewis, who make jazz sound like a 19th century tone poem. With a sharp, clear vibes, a versatile piano, a bass and a set of traps, the quartet warmed up with a cool version of I'll Remember April, approached mastery in its last offering, a three-part number (The Singer, Harlequin, Contessa) delivered in a boogie-woogie, bass-led tempo and highlighted by an atonal, polyphonic piano...
Within the next two weeks he spent several hundred thousand dollars for 2,127 items, including 250 pieces from the Ming dynasty (A.D. 1368-1644), 30 rare objects from the Sung period (A.D. 960-1279), more than 1,800 fine 18th and 19th century hand-woven silk carpets, many ivory, jade, bronze and wood figures, porcelain bowls. Some, but not all, were museum pieces...
...Great Conservative. Ecuador hustled Flores off to Europe in 1845 with a pension, and underwent 15 years of anarchy. For the next 15, the country was ruled by the greatest Ecuadorian of the 19th century. Gabriel Garcia Moreno hated democracy. He was a conservative, a working Roman Catholic who dressed in black, went daily to Mass and revered Thomas à Kempis' The Imitation of Christ; he believed that "only through force may good be attained." But he also despised militarism, gave the country a uniform currency, the first highway between mountainous Quito and seaside Guayaquil, established an efficient treasury...