Word: 38th
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Eight weeks after the North Koreans crossed the 38th parallel, General Douglas MacArthur asked U.N. members for reinforcements. At that time, U.N. nations had already promised 33,000 fighting men, later upped the number. But last week there were only some 20,000 men from other United Nations on the ground in Korea, compared to 100,000 R.O.K.s, 140,000 Americans...
Instead of withdrawing to Position Charlie-twin perimeters around Seoul and Pusan (TIME, Dec. 25)-Douglas MacArthur made a bolder decision: hold a line across the Korean peninsula, just below the 38th parallel. Since the line was about 150 miles long, it was not continuous but a series of strong points, with R.O.K. divisions apparently stationed on the right flank. In case of a cave-in on the right flank, the line could be pulled back around Seoul to form a semicircle with both flanks anchored on the Yellow...
Home for the Holidays. At week's end, the President flew home to Missouri (in June, when he was visiting the family's big, white, old clapboard house in Independence, the Communists had marched across the 38th parallel). His social schedule was so crowded that, as he put it, "it's almost like my day after day in Washington. But I like it, because it's home." He showed up at a Masonic dinner in Kansas City's Muehlebach Hotel, and found himself involved in a good-natured disagreement...
...probability that the Communists would strike below the 38th parallel, in spite of all hopes to the contrary, was rapidly building up toward a certainty. One sign was Peking's blunt rebuff of the U.N.'s eager cease-fire committee (see INTERNATIONAL). Another was the slow but ominous massing of Chinese forces in front of the Eighth Army and on its right flank. A third was General MacArthur's warning that 150,000 North Koreans had been regrouped into well-equipped fighting divisions, presumably for service in South Korea. A fourth was a broadcast from Pyongyang...
...August 13. Armed Recon north of 38th. Burned trucks, one bus, one motor launch . . . Encountered 20-mm. & 40-mm. ack-ack. Hit on plane by 20-mm. Landed aboard, wire broke, hit fence...