Word: 3c
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...colleague, Sandage and Schmidt analyzed three of these objects, and found that they were moving away from the earth at tremendous speeds. One of them, BSO-1 (blue stellar object) seems to be speeding at the rate of 125,000 miles a second, making it second only to quasar 3C-9 (149,000 miles a second) as the most distant known object. The spectral patterns also showed a presence of ionized carbon atoms that have been detected previously only in the most distant quasars. The blue objects probably outnumber quasars 500 to 1 and are scattered throughout the universe...
...would appear in that part of the spectrum where the much longer waves of visible light are normally found. So they catalogued all possible kinds of ultraviolet that might conceivably come from a quasar and looked for characteristic patterns in their faint spectrograms. At last they found a quasar, 3C-254, whose spectrum showed five clear lines. All except one of them had been identified in earlier-found quasar spectrograms; the fifth, which lay deeper in the ultraviolet, could now be identified by its relation to the other four...
Tripled Wave. Step by painful step Schmidt's search identified spectrogram lines and unlocked the spectral secrets of five new quasars. The most distant of them, 3C-9, showed signs of a kind of ultraviolet which comes from the sun in considerable quantities but is absorbed by the earth's atmosphere. It had never been photographed before by surface observatories. In the 3C-9's spectrum, its wave length had been more than tripled by shifting toward the red. It showed as an easily photographed blue and proved that the quasar's speed...
Blue Birth. The confusion has increased steadily. Dr. Allen R. Sandage of Mt. Wilson and Palomar reported that a radio source, 3C-2, which was photographed as a dim reddish object only two years ago by the University of Minnesota observatory, has shown up in recent Palomar pictures four times as brilliant as before, but rich in blue light. It seems as if 3C-2 has turned into a quasar, giving a vast increase in shortwave radiation. But no one can imagine a process that could kindle such an outburst in so short a time...
...astronomers have developed several theories to explain why galaxies can explode, but the 13-year pulsation of Quasar 3C-273 has them stumped. If the thing is really a galaxy, it must be many thousand light-years in diameter; light must take at least 1,000 years to cross a minor section of it, and according to relativity theory, nothing can move faster than light...