Word: 4s
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Robert K. Merton, a Columbia University sociologist, last night addressed the annual meeting of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S) at the University Faculty Club...
Merton's speech, which recounted the origins of the history of science, ended the first day of the society's three-day program of seminars and presentations. Merton is considered an important force behind the 4S, and has written a widely-recognized book on the sociology of science...
...4S is associated with the Program for Science and International Affairs (PSIA), which in turn grew out of the Center for International Affairs. The program funds scholars studying the influence of science on world politics--in particular, arms control and disarmament...
...congressional action embittered the Turks, who felt that it was an insult to a staunch anti-Communist ally. The rebuff on the Phantoms was particularly galling since Congress last month approved the sale of 18 F-4s to Greece-on credit terms. Meanwhile, the embargo reduced the effectiveness of the Turkish air force by 50%; planes earmarked for NATO service were grounded for lack of spare parts...
Official U.S. statements were quickly followed by some ominous military moves. U.S. military personnel on leave in South Korea were ordered back to their posts, where they went on "increased alert status." A squadron of F-4s (18 to 24 planes) was dispatched from Kadena, Okinawa, to Korea; so was a squadron of F-111s from Mountain Home Air Force Base in Idaho; so was the carrier Midway from its position off Japan. Still, there was no indication whether the U.S. was preparing a retaliatory move or simply beefing up its strength in anticipation of more assaults by the North...