Word: 7th
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...hands, who sometimes went on strike and had to be chided for goofing off. He clears Alaric and his Goths of the charge that they destroyed Rome. The great city was ravaged, he writes, not by the barbarians in A.D. 410, but through imperial plundering in the 6th and 7th centuries by Byzantine Emperors Justinian and Constans II. Johnson also challenges the once popular thesis-of Max Weber and R.H. Tawney among others-that Calvinism helped nurture capitalism. In staunchly Calvinistic Scotland, Johnson notes, capitalism was long stifled. What did launch capitalism, he argues, was the decline of churchly power...
...Koestler offers what he clearly intends to be an astounding fact-that the majority of the world's 14 million Jews are not Semites. Most European and American Jews, he advises, should not trace their origins to the tents of Jacob but rather to the yurts of 7th century Caucasian nomads known as Khazars. With their fair skin, reddish hair and blue eyes, the Khazars were not what is usually regarded as Semites. They spoke a kind of old Turkish, but their origins remain hidden...
...Monotheisms. Yet the Khazars and their relationship to Judaism are not news to scholars and historians. There is general agreement that during the early 7th century these pagan tribesmen established a kingdom between the Black and Caspian seas. Their capital was Itil, near present-day Astrakhan, at the mouth of the Volga...
Across the state in the 7th District (Philadelphia's western end), Mary Hurtig is angry. A former first-grade teacher in New York City, Hurtig, 34, divides her time among her family (she and her husband, a physician, have two small children), modern dance and reform politics. The oppressive political machine run by Mayor Frank L. Rizzo switched its support to Jackson after Governor Milton J. Shapp dropped out. Now such Udall backers as Hurtig and her running mate, Pamela Reid, 30, a college psychology teacher, are not even permitted to speak at ward meetings...
...overflowing. Though Egypt is identified with Islam, no place could be more appropriate for a monastic renaissance. It was in Egypt that monasticism first flowered, nurtured by the formidable example of the great 4th century anchorite, St. Anthony of the Desert. At the height of the movement, before the 7th century Arab invasions, Egypt boasted some 50,000 monks...