Word: 90s
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...Ford Motor needs the kind of head-knocking leadership that, undermined by endless management shuffles and power struggles, Bill Ford didn't provide. Ford's product-development staff has been reorganized half a dozen times since the early '90s. John Mendel, a former sales executive, recalls a management meeting in the late '90s at which an analyst warned that Ford needed to invest in next-generation car designs and engineering. "The overwhelming response was that Ford is making more money than ever," he recalls, "and 'How could we be in trouble...
Sadly, while Ford hit the jackpot in the '90s, earning $40 billion, the windfall wasn't always managed well or spent wisely. Ford elected to keep plowing money into pickup trucks and SUV lines, surrendering the heart of the car market to the Japanese and the Koreans. Today the company that invented the Model T relies on platforms developed by Mazda and Volvo, in-house foreign brands, for its new cars. In an interview with TIME, Mulally said that before he joined Ford, his perception of the company "was one of innovation." But Ford's innovative years seem as faded...
...automaker for the last five years, certainly realized the gravity of the situation, which explains why he brought in Mulally. At Boeing, Mulally had a reputation as an ace engineer and turnaround guy. He helped develop hit models like the 777 jetliner, launched in the early '90s, and the 787 Dreamliner, expected in 2008. After plane orders plummeted following the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Mulally stabilized the commercial aircraft division, which is now earning handsome profits. Nor has he shied from downsizing. Under his reign, Boeing's commercial division layed off 30,000 workers, shuttered factories and killed products that weren...
...separatist group that reached the height of its power some two decades ago. If it is responsible, the p.k.k. is back with an ominous bang. Once one of Turkey's most potent terrorist organizations, the p.k.k. fought a 15-year war with Turkish security forces throughout the 1980s and '90s that left some 30,000 dead. Declaring a cease-fire in 1999 only after the capture and imprisonment of its charismatic leader, Abdullah Ocalan (known to Kurds simply as "Apo"), the group, numbering several thousand, retreated to the mountains of northern Iraq. There, its members abjure worldly goods and alcohol...
...what ails the region. It hardly seems tenable to go back to the pre-9/11 paradigm of wholeheartedly supporting "friendly" dictators like Egypt's Hosni Mubarak and the Saudi royal family. If our support for the Shah of Iran in the 1970s or Yasser Arafat in the '90s has taught us anything, it should be that secular strongmen cannot keep the lid on forever. Either we push for change now or we risk a fundamentalist explosion later...