Word: aaa
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...from the 75th Congress was the third major Farm Bill of the Roosevelt Administration, aimed at regulating the production and prices of the U. S. four major crops-wheat, cotton, corn, tobacco-also rice. Three major types of legislation provided models: the voluntary crop control insured by the first AAA through loans and benefit payments; the compulsory control enforced by penalties for overproduction introduced in the Bankhead Cotton Act and .the Tobacco Act; the voluntary reduction of soil-depleting acreage to encourage which the Government paid farmers $500,000,000 a year under the Soil Conservation...
...Assumption was, however, that Secretary Wallace could use his discretionary power over crop loans to keep the cost near the President's figure. Like the Soil Conservation Act, the Act provided for no compensating revenues such as the processing taxes collected under the first AAA, will have to be paid for out of the Government's regular revenues...
Constitutionality. In holding the first AAA unconstitutional, the Supreme Court ruled that the Government was using the Federal taxing power unconstitutionally in employing it to impose a system of crop regulation lying outside the powers delegated to Congress. The constitutionality of the second AAA, which has the same general objectives, rests not on the taxing power but specifically on the powers of Congress to: 1) regulate interstate commerce, and 2) promote the general welfare. As a further safeguard against the Court, the drafters of the AAA of 1938 inserted a provision separating the Act into sections dealing with each crop...
...chain-store workers urged even illiterate housewives to buy jumbos, red kidneys, yellow eyes, chile or limas. This high pressure was no stunt. It was the latest application of a new economic device notably successful in its 15 previous tests. Its enthusiasts describe it as some-thing to put AAA to shame, for it works on the positive principle of reducing surpluses-not by reducing production but by increasing consumption...
Victorious in defending eight major New Deal laws before the Supreme Court, Solicitor General Reed suffered three defeats, in cases involving NRA, AAA and the Bankhead Act (where a combination of overwork and hostility from the bench brought him to a courtroom collapse). After the AAA case his dark, lively wife, Winifred, long active in politics as registrar general of the D. A. R., performed the most audacious political feat of Washington's 1936 social season by inviting all the Supreme Court Justices to dinner...