Word: abbasid
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...Iron Chancellor fused German-speaking principalities into one mighty nation. Saddam remembers as well his patron Gamel Abdel Nasser, who organized Arab pride and resentment against Western hegemony. Saddam's ambition has been to use Iraqi muscle and achievement to unite the Arabs and thereby re-create the vast Abbasid Empire, which lasted 500 years. In that sense, the war in the gulf is transpiring in a time warp. It is a retrospective vision...
...embassies and prepare to fly out of the country, Iraqis wait at service stations in lines 30, 40, 50 cars long to buy enough gas to make sure they can drive out of the city in case of attack. The government closed the museums and moved its Babylonian and Abbasid treasures to bomb shelters. Many Iraqis were putting tape over their windows to prevent shattering in case of bombing. Others are laying in a month's supply of food, getting ready to sit out what their leader has promised will be the "mother of all battles...
...summary can suggest Toynbee's range. But his study of renaissances, those recurring attempts of civilizations to recapture their lost youth, is a good example. Charlemagne tried to snatch back features of Hellenism, and Timur Lenk tried to raise the ghost of the Cairene 'Abbasid Caliphate, neither with success. In literature, 15th century Humanism tried to revive the writing of Latin verse only to see the "vulgar" and more virile Western literature sweep Europe. Toynbee includes the Crusades among the "renaissances" that failed, a deplorable attempt to reach "religious goals by military short cuts." In effect, Toynbee...
...when the Ptolemaic dynasty came to an end, Egypt became a part of the Roman Empire and was governed by the Romans until 639 A. D. From that date until 1517, Egypt passed through a series of quasi-independent dynasties under the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliphs at Bagdad (the second of the two great dynasties of the Mahommedan Empire). From 1517 until 1914 Egypt was an integral part of the Ottoman Empire, with the exception of the years 1798 to 1801, which mark the period of Napoleon's Egyptian campaign. Up to 1841 Egypt was governed by Pashas?...