Word: aboveground
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...emerge, the nymph tunnels its way upward, lying at the surface and building a protective earthen turret if the ground is too damp. This final rest stop is truly character building: it apparently enables the insect to develop adult claws and flight muscles to help it cope with life aboveground. "Their bodies undergo a major transformation, especially of muscle structure," says Miller...
...final hours of the cicada's three-week life aboveground are played out as the female deposits hundreds of eggs in a series of pockets cut in twigs. Nine weeks later the microscopic nymphs hatch, drop to the ground and burrow down as far as 2 ft., where they grow, eat and await their coming-out 17 years hence. The fact that this brood will not reappear until 2004 is one reason scientists are reluctant to put too much of their time into unlocking the cicada's secrets. As Richard Froeschner, a research entomologist at the Smithsonian Institution, points...
After a two-day strategy session in the Baltic port of Gdansk, Solidarity called simultaneous press conferences there and in Warsaw to deliver a stunning announcement: the organization was moving back aboveground and would openly campaign for recognition. "We do not want to act clandestinely," said Solidarity Chairman Lech Walesa in announcing the formation of the Temporary Council of Solidarity, which will seek to persuade the government to permit independent trade unions. "It is necessary to work out and agree upon a new model of open and legal activity," Walesa added...
...punishment was collective. Goetz had been mugged four years ago and had brooded ever since over the lenient treatment his attackers received. These four were paying for more than their own sins. A whole class of muggers got theirs on the downtown express. But the law, which still prevails aboveground, does not permit trial by class. Everyone pays for his sins only. Even criminals cannot remain abstract...
...that city's rail-building and -refurbishing project: he could not find anyone opposed to it. By next Thanksgiving, the first of the system's fleet of light-rail cars is scheduled to start rumbling along a 1.1-mile run under the center city; a 9.4-mile aboveground segment connecting downtown to Pittsburgh's South Hills suburbs is expected to open in 1985. So far, local taxpayers have escaped all but 3% of the estimated $480 million in costs; the state and the Federal Government are picking up the rest. Says James Maloney, former executive director...