Word: absolom
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...also largely caused by different conditions of work. Patronage in the U.S. was thin. Artists had to scramble for portrait commissions, which few blacks could afford to give them. But there were perfectly dignified, solid, objective portraits by white artists of black clients such as the Pennsylvania clergyman Absolom Jones by Raphaelle Peale before 1810, or Elisha Hammond's 1844 portrait of the young Frederick Douglass, neither of which is in this show. On the other hand, unlike France or even England, young America had no real market for "philosophical" pictures in which blacks might figure -- allegories of freedom, brotherhood...