Word: academicians
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...precocious son of a Madrid journalist (at seven, he had memorized whole chapters out of Cervantes), Ortega was no mere academician. In 1923 he founded the powerful Revista de Occidente, which became the meeting place of Madrid's intellectuals. He wrote on everything-from Kant's philosophy ("my house and my prison") to donkeys and Don Quixote, art and music...
...started with years of severe schooling, during which Matisse supported himself by copying old masters in the Louvre. ("One must learn to walk firmly on the ground," he told his own students later, "before one tries the tightrope.") When he married at 23, Matisse was considered a rising young academician. Soon afterward, he ruined his reputation; he willfully destroyed a perfectly adequate still life he had just finished instead of sending it to his dealer. "It did not represent me," explained Matisse. "I count my emancipation from that...
Otto Yulevich Shmidt is a bearded Soviet academician, mathematician and Polar explorer. At the age of 56 he is also a man of remarkable longevity...
...scientist-darling of Communist theologians is Soviet Academician Trofim Denisovich Lysenko. Lysenko's basic idea seems to be that living forms (like nations) need to be shaken up by a kind of genetic revolution. Thus shaken, a tomato or wheat plant is capable of very rapid development. In proving this thesis, Lysenko is short on controlled experimentation and long on thundering Marxist phrases like "The Liquidation of the Conservatism of the Nature of Organisms" (TIME, Feb. 11, 1946). Many non-Communist geneticists consider him a politically motivated fraud...
Life Begins at 50. After four long years, Rouault quit his job to study with famed Academician Gustave Moreau. Moreau taught young Rouault all he knew about painting and did his best to break Rouault's habit of moping about in cemeteries after school. When Moreau died, his house was turned into a memorial museum and Rouault, as the favorite pupil, was appointed curator. The sinecure kept Rouault going; his art sold hardly at all until he was past...