Word: accesses
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...from the city. During the past year the U.S. has confused the Berlin situation by sometimes giving the appearance of frantically looking for a settlement, usually out of step with its Allies-but basically its position is firm. Any Red move to take over Berlin or cut off Western access, whether done abruptly or gradually, will almost certainly mean war with the U.S. The American determination to fight for Berlin carries even greater conviction after Cuba...
Washington also revived the idea that access to Berlin might be controlled by an international authority, including the big powers. East and West Germany, plus a group of satellites and neutrals...
Just Keeping Busy. West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer growled no to almost the entire list of suggestions. He seemed more receptive than before to the idea of an inter national access authority, but he thought the plebiscite idea was just plain silly, utterly rejected the idea of making West Berlin a part of West Germany and stationing Bonn troops there. Adenauer's reasoning: any West German participation in the defense of Berlin will undermine the concept of four-power occupation control of the city, which, fiction or not, he still considers the basis of Western presence in Berlin...
More than half the population has been moved into fortified villages, which protect farmers from sudden Viet Cong raids while denying the Communists easy access to food and hiding places. There are now 3,000 "strategic hamlets" (U.S. experts estimate the number at closer to 2,000, of which only about half are effective), and plans call for 9,000 more...
...provoking a new crisis in West Berlin. This is what prompted Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara, just back from a quick, two-day inspection trip to West Germany, to publicly remind Nikita Khrushchev that the U.S. intends to use nuclear arms, if necessary, to defend its "vital interest" of access to the city...