Word: accesses
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...from Hyannisport to greet Vice President Lyndon Johnson, just returned from his morale-shoring trip to West Berlin. Throughout the week, Communist provocations in Berlin continued (see THE WORLD), until finally came the most direct and dangerous Red challenge of all: a Soviet threat to cut off Allied air access to the beleaguered city. Kennedy reacted swiftly and with unmistakable determination. The White House issued a statement that ranks as one of the toughest of the cold war: "The United States must serve a solemn warning to the Soviet Union that any interference by the Soviet Government or its East...
Test at Hand? Then came the most ominous threat yet. Moscow, taking on an outraged tone, sent harsh notes to Washington, London and Paris, accusing the West of violating the 1945 Berlin access agreement by allowing West German government officials to fly the Berlin air corridors along routes that for years have been used by Pan American, British European Airways and Air France, as well as by Allied military craft. "All kinds of revanchists (revenge seekers), extremists, saboteurs and spies are being transferred from the Federal Republic of Germany to West Berlin" by this means, Moscow growled...
...Allies were violating no agreements whatsoever with their civilian flights (see below), but the Moscow note was evidence enough to President John F. Kennedy that a test of the West's access routes was near at hand. Swiftly, he sent a strong reply (see THE NATION) that made clear that U.S. patience was nearing the breaking point...
...confusion to the crisis. Rising in New Delhi's Parliament during a foreign policy debate last week, Nehru gratuitously declared that as far as he and his experts could make it out, the East Germans were legally justified in closing their sector frontier. Raising the question of Western access rights to Berlin, he suggested that the Russians had every right to cut them off, since they were based on a verbal agreement "secured by the Western powers . . . not as a right but as a concession from the Soviet authorities...
Academic Mistake. Through much of 1944, U.S. Ambassador to Britain John Winant pleaded with Washington to plan ahead, to insist on detailed provisions for Western access to Berlin as part of the occupation-zone system being engineered by EAC-the European Advisory Commission (the U.S., Britain, Russia), to which Winant was U.S. delegate. But the War Department opposed a specific agreement on Berlin access routes, argued that it would be best to leave the problem to the soldiers on the scene. When General Lucius Clay, acting as General Eisenhower's representative, finally met with Soviet General Georgy Zhukov...