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...monarchy is not tolerated in Iran, and he has methodically repressed dissent. His principal instrument for maintaining internal security, as he sees it, is SAVAK, Iran's feared secret police organization which routinely scrutinizes even job applications and requests for exit visas. Its name is an acronym from the Farsi words Sazeman Ettelaat va Amniat Keshvar (Security and Information Organization). The Shah himself insists that SAVAK is not large, and some Western observers in Tehran wonder whether it is as efficient as Iranians believe. Nevertheless, the secret police, through a large network of informers, have been responsible for making...
...credibility gap" and by publicizing the number of Government contracts given to some of President Johnson's chief financial backers. During those years Hartmann also wrote position papers on legislative issues for the Republican House leaders. "We called them Constructive Republican Alternative Programs," he says, "which formed the acronym CRAP...
This amiable state broke down after World War II. Archbishop Makarios, then the religious leader of the island's Greeks, along with the legendary Greek General George Grivas, fostered a guerrilla force known as EOKA (an acronym from the Greek words for National Organization of Cypriot Fighters). They wanted to free Cyprus from British rule and achieve enosis-unification with Greece...
...served as a fascist volunteer in the Spanish Civil War and an observer with the Nazi army, Spinola has taken some surprisingly progressive actions. He abolished the hated political police, known as the PIDE, a Portuguese acronym for International Police for Defense of the State. He has ended press censorship, established freedom of assembly and association, freed political prisoners, and promised free and open elections in a year...
...explosion and others like it in the offices of the Socialist Workers Party in Houston and Los Angeles were the direct result of an FBI plan called COINTELPRO. Though the full scope of this plan is not known, a few things can be said about it with certainty. The acronym COINTELPRO stands for "Counter Intelligence Program." Its organizational function was outlined in a 1968 secret memorandum written by J. Edgar Hoover: "The purpose of this program is to expose, disrupt, and otherwise neutralize the activities of the various New Left organizations, their leadership, their adherents." The plan was eventually divided...