Word: actualizations
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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That law was passed under the impetus of U.S. entry into World War I and has been invoked successfully only against actual spies. There has never been a court test of its applicability to people who give classified information to the press rather than to foreign intelligence agents. The Nixon Administration did attempt to use it in 1971 against Daniel Ellsberg and Anthony Russo, who were accused of leaking the Pentagon papers, but the case was later dismissed because of misconduct by the prosecution. Now, however, the Government has brought what seems to be a test case against Samuel Loring...
...were forbidden to bring in our own witnesses in this case. We were forbidden access to the testimony that we were confident, confident, would prove that what that paragraph said was correct." After deciding the falsity issue, the jurors closeted themselves on Friday afternoon to discuss the matter of "actual malice": Had TIME published the paragraph knowing it was false or with reckless disregard--or entertaining serious doubts--about whether or not it was? Over the weekend they asked for 90 exhibits totaling more than 400 pages and loose-leaf binders to help them organize their thoughts...
Reagan did add that if a successful system is developed, "then is the time to turn to the world, to our allies, possibly even our adversaries," for discussions preceding actual deployment. But that point could be far in the future. Moreover, the Soviets consider SDI research to be a threat even if it never produces a deployable Star Wars system, because it might lead to technological breakthroughs that would give the U.S. an insurmountable lead in offensive types of weapons, including those that might be based in space...
...missiles--at least that it was ready to disclose to the press. Accounts differed as to whether Gromyko had renewed the Soviet demand that British and French nuclear forces be counted in any eventual agreement. It really did not matter much; he is quite certain to do so when actual bargaining resumes. The U.S. is equally sure to stick to its position that American and Soviet intermediate- range missiles be limited to equal numbers of warheads. It will again argue that British and French missiles must be left out of the equation because the U.S.--and Britain and France--believes...
Aside from notetakers and translators, only Nitze, McFarlane and U.S. Ambassador to Moscow Arthur Hartman accompanied Shultz to the actual meetings; the Soviet side included Gromyko, Ambassador to Washington Anatoli Dobrynin, First Deputy Foreign Minister Georgi Kornienko and Arms Negotiator Victor Karpov. From time to time one of the U.S. team, usually McFarlane, entered the bubble, where briefing papers often disappeared under salami sandwiches and coffee cups, to inform the rest of the delegation what was happening. At the end, two veteran Washington antagonists even indulged in some genial clowning before journalists at the Hotel Intercontinental. As Perle waited...