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HYDROELECTRIC DAMS Dams hurt baby fish by slowing down water, which raises its temperature and increases the time it takes the young to get to the ocean. Others are killed by hydroelectric turbines before they can even start downstream. Adult fish swimming upstream often fail to make it over the dam, as staircase-like "fish ladders" prove only partly effective. Some dams must be redesigned; others should be removed...
...turn, grow into 8-in. smolts C in about two years, and it is these small, silvery fish that make the improbable migration from freshwater river to saltwater ocean. Smolts that survive the trip--and plenty don't--spend four years at sea, feeding and growing to full adult size (3 lbs. to 126 lbs.). Then they begin the long upstream journey D back to their hatching grounds, where they spawn and, a few weeks later, die. A small number of adults may survive this stage and, stubbornly, return to the ocean to repeat the cycle once more...
...fact, according to our own estimates, a 150-lb. adult would have to eat more than 1,000 lbs. of cheese a day, every single day, to reach the observable effect level that was found in laboratory testing. To represent this one-sided advocacy as a health story was a disservice to your readers. COURTNEY M. PRICE VICE PRESIDENT Chemical Manufacturers Association Arlington...
...closing years of this millennium, a quiet, unassuming British embryologist named Ian Wilmut set out to improve the productivity of farm animals and along the way set off a biological earthquake. The experiment he tenaciously pursued--to get a cell from an adult mammal to behave like a cell from a developing embryo--had long since been abandoned at the major centers of scientific research. Even high school biology students knew that once a mammalian cell had differentiated, and was programmed by nature to be bone or nerve or skin, it could not be deprogrammed...
...Wilmut did it. From a single mammary cell, taken from an adult ewe, he and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute cloned a sheep called Dolly and introduced her to a skeptical world in February...