Word: adults
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...confirming and refining Yamanaka's findings, while his own team released a new study that improved on his original research. The collective work-which one cloning pioneer compared to turning lead into gold-raises the possibility that scientists might one day be able to reprogram a patient's own adult cells to transform into human embryonic stem cells and then into heart, nerve or any other kind of tissue. That could give doctors the ability to repair or replace cells destroyed by disease or injury, without fear of immune-system rejection. Experts were quick to warn that significant hurdles remained...
...years, many stem-cell researchers sought to accomplish that through nuclear transfer-transplanting an adult cell's nucleus into an egg that had been emptied of its own genetic material. This process is expensive and difficult, and so far no one has been able to pull it off in humans. Yamanaka never tried. Starting with a tiny team in 1999 at the Nara Institute of Science and Technology-he moved to Kyoto in 2004-Yamanaka focused on finding the genes that could persuade an adult cell to regress on its own to an embryonic state, without the messy mechanics...
...expected those opportunities to come so soon. Trying to discover the right combination of genes that would reprogram adult cells was a scientific fishing expedition in a deep ocean. In early 2004 Yamanaka had worked up a list of 24 possible genes he thought were instrumental in cell programming, and was ready to begin testing them. There was no guarantee any of the 24 suspects were the right ones, and when Yamanaka offered the experiment to one of his students, the researcher turned him down. "We knew the chance that the correct answer was in those 24 factors was very...
...that Yamanaka has helped show science the path, the race is on to discover the researcher's holy grail: a way to reprogram adult cells in human beings. The Japanese pioneer finds himself at a disadvantage. Scientists in the U.S. and Europe can draw on deeper reserves of money and talent. U.S. states such as California and Massachusetts are spending billions of dollars on stem-cell research, hoping to lay the groundwork for development of new medical industries. In contrast, Yamanaka's lab at Kyoto is relatively basic, and the Japanese government has only recently begun channeling real funding into...
...chose to enlist in the military knowing that he might make the ultimate sacrifice. De La Torre's statement that Bush should send one of his daughters to fight in his son's place shows that his disapproval of this war is overshadowing his son's very adult, brave and selfless decision. As the wife of a former military officer, it saddens me that people forget we do not force anyone in this country to join the military. The men and women of the military don't need the American people to protect them. They need America to support them...