Word: afghanistan
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Reflex. For some, like India, neutralism is an effort to escape to the sidelines, to get out of the way of the "fighting buffaloes." For others, like the U.A.R. and Afghanistan, neutralism is an attractive and well-paying way to draw economic and military aid from both blocs. For almost all, lambasting the West is an automatic reflex, since nearly all have emerged from fierce nationalist struggles against some form of Western hegemony. What they fail to realize is that they can enjoy the luxury of neutralism only because the West stands between them and Russia's ambitions...
...Burma, Ceylon, Ghana, Guinea, Ethiopia, Sudan, India, Indonesia, Yemen, Cambodia, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, United Arab Republic, Lebanon, Algerian Provisional Government (F.L.N.), Tunisia, Cyprus, Afghanistan, Cuba, Iraq, Yugoslavia; observer nations: Brazil, Bolivia. Possible participant: Cyrille Adoula of the Congo...
...universities to study. Result: English has become Afghanistan's unofficial third language, after Persian and Pushtu...
Border Squabble. Though all this activity is altering the faqade of Afghanistan, it has had little effect on the nation's creaking social and political structure. Afghanistan is still ruled by a feudal family, despite the forms of Cabinet and Parliament. Hard-eyed, tough-minded Daoud is the cousin of Afghanistan's retiring King Mohammed Zahir Shah; Daoud's brother is Afghanistan's Foreign Minister. His power rests on the support of the army and his fellow aristocrats (when he took power, he was careful to assemble the tribal chiefs and get their endorsement...
...prickly relations with Pakistan. The rugged mountain terrain between the two nations is inhabited by wild Pushtu-speaking Pathan tribesmen-some 9,000,000 on the Pakistan side of the border alone. The Pathans love to shoot, make their own guns by hand, admit allegiance to neither Pakistan nor Afghanistan. (But once assimilated, the tall, tough Pathans make natural leaders: both the Afghan royal family and Pakistan President Ayub Khan are of Pathan stock.) The Afghans have piously encouraged the Pathans' demand for an autonomous state of their own. A series of border shootings since September has rubbed Pakistan...