Word: afghanistan
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Central Asian Emigres in Afghanistan: Problems of Ethnic and Religious identify--Audrey Shalinsky, Rm. 1, Coolidge Hall...
...brought under the domination of the colonizing nations of Christian Europe. European rule demonstrated how important it was for Islam to exercise temporal as well as spiritual power. At its nadir, in all the Arab world, only Yemen and Saudi Arabia, poor and backward, were nominally independent. Iran, Afghanistan and secularized Turkey, where Kemal Ataturk had disestablished Islam as his country's official religion in an effort to forge a stable and progressive nation, were free. But elsewhere?on the Indian subcontinent, in Southeast Asia, in Africa and the Pacific?millions of Muslims were under colonial rule...
...Afghanistan. Since September the pro-Soviet regime of President Noor Mohammed Taraki has been caught up in a bitter civil war; Moscow has charged?and Washington has angrily denied?that the U.S. instigated the rebellion. Some of the insurgents are inspired by tribal animosities, others by political opposition to the government's leftist ways. According to one U.S. expert in the area, "Islam has proved to be the major unifying theme for the rebels." Many of them have moved to armed camps in Pakistan. Taraki has tried to highlight his own credentials as a good Muslim; recently the government publicized...
Sykes' assassination, coming just a month after U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan Adolph Dubs was kidnaped and murdered by Muslim extremists, underscored the grim reality that diplomats have become prime targets for terrorists. By and large, security measures to protect the ambassadors are often surprisingly lax. Straub's parents said their son had told them of repeated bomb threats against the ambassadorial residence. Yet the ambassador had no bodyguard, the limousine was not equipped with bulletproof windows, and his residence was unguarded. Sykes' apparent disregard for his own safety seemed all the more astonishing since he had recommended...
Obviously, this discussion could not get very specific, since a covert operation openly advocated is a contradiction in terms. But the panel did produce a list of countries where the U.S. could profitably operate. Afghanistan. Iraq, a police state with severe tribal problems. Syria, a minority government beset by corruption. South Yemen, which Akins said "is not considered a country; it is considered a Soviet base. Two-thirds of the population have fled as refugees. They can all be used to go back into the country...