Word: afghanistan
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...large, delegates refrained from discussing Soviet foreign policy. The exception was the eight-year war in Afghanistan, which was criticized as a misguided Brezhnev-era adventure by two speakers, Editor Grigori Baklanov and Economist Yevgeni Primakov. But Gorbachev was applauded when he defended the performance of Soviet troops in Afghanistan. The commander of the Soviet forces there, Lieut. General Boris Gromov, told the conference that "we have performed our duty with honor...
...even giving has its problems. Secretary of Defense Frank Carlucci irritated his Tokyo hosts last month by calling for increased Japanese aid to nations that he termed vital to "our collective security." Carlucci named * the Philippines as one such country and added Turkey, Portugal, Pakistan and Afghanistan to the list. The appalled Japanese disavowed any ties between aid to the Philippines and American interests. Filipinos, however, scarcely doubt that recent Japanese donations have been partly aimed at inducing Manila to renew the leases on U.S. bases on favorable terms...
Tokyo now plans to dispatch a civilian to be a member of the U.N. peacekeeping operation in Afghanistan -- the first time a Japanese will participate in such an operation. Immediately after Moscow announced its withdrawal from Afghanistan, Takeshita pledged $5 million to finance U.N. efforts there and promised to send workers to help transport refugees and rebuild telephone lines. When Hiroshi Nakajima moves up to head the World Health Organization next month, he will become the first Japanese to lead a major international organization. Though Japan would welcome an invitation to become the sixth permanent member of the U.N. Security...
...against Hitler added an aura of heroism to that image. Khrushchev's thaw added glimmers of hope for mutual understanding. The horrible truth about Stalin's camps, the arrests of dissidents, the abuses of psychiatry, the exile of Academician Andrei Sakharov, the presence of our troops in Afghanistan -- all lined up and blown out of proportion by reactionary elements in the Western press -- worked to destroy the heroic aura, reducing our image to that of an anti-Christ "empire of evil." However, thanks to the peaceful initiatives of our country in nuclear disarmament, glasnost and democratization, the anti-Christ image...
Given their goals, it was not surprising that their fourth summit revolved around the ceremonial events rather than the one-on-one Reagan-Gorbachev meetings. With the Intermediate Nuclear Forces treaty ratified, the potential Strategic Arms Reduction Talks treaty bogged down and the Soviets pulling out of Afghanistan, there was not much top-level business to transact -- or at least not much that could get transacted given the constraints. Aides dutifully produced seven agreements, a procedure that has become de rigueur for summits lest they be popularly judged failures. But the agreements mostly concerned such minor matters as nuclear-testing...