Word: afghanistan
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 and the resulting strategic importance of neighboring Pakistan accelerated the growth of B.C.C.I.'s geopolitical power and its unbridled use of the black network. Because the U.S. wanted to supply the mujahedin rebels in Afghanistan with Stinger missiles and other military hardware, it needed the full cooperation of Pakistan, across whose border the weapons would be shipped. By the mid-1980s, the CIA's Islamabad operation was one of the largest U.S. intelligence stations in the world. "If B.C.C.I. is such an embarrassment to the U.S. that forthright investigations are not being pursued...
Except for a few interpreters and administrators, the East's entire 2,500- member diplomatic corps was dismissed. Hermann Schweisau, who was East Berlin ambassador to Finland, Afghanistan and Vietnam, is currently deputy head of the Association of Former Diplomats, which has helped about 125 of his former colleagues train for jobs in sales, insurance and banking. "A lot of potential is being wasted," he says, noting that many of his clients are knowledgeable about countries where the Federal Republic had little or no diplomatic representation. "The former ambassador to Mongolia is just sitting at home, although...
While Yeltsin tries to look presidential, the verbal slanging has been left to his choice for vice president, Alexander Rutskoi, a gruff air force colonel who was captured during the war in Afghanistan and given his country's highest award for valor, Hero of the Soviet Union. A leader of the Communists for Democracy reform movement, Rutskoi told reporters last week that he simply could not understand "why Ryzhkov would even consider running for president after what he managed to do during five years as prime minister...
Ryzhkov, who was replaced as prime minister in January, thought he had pocketed the military vote when he chose General Boris Gromov as his running mate. An articulate hard-liner, Gromov served as the Soviet commander in Afghanistan before becoming Deputy Interior Minister in December. But even if Rutskoi does win votes from enlisted men and reform-minded Communists, Ryzhkov has earned the support of the military-industrial complex and the party bureaucracy through his attacks on economic "shock therapy" and his defense of the country's "socialist choice." Because Ryzhkov and Gromov are counting so much on local party...
Watson is said to have "awed" Wall Street by generating $36 billion for IBM. In his capacity as ambassador under former President Jimmy Carter, Watson played a pivotal role in determining foreign policy during the initial Soviet invasion of Afghanistan...