Word: afghanistan
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...maintaining a state of confrontation with India validates its central role in Pakistani society, while for the fundamentalists "liberating" predominantly Muslim Kashmir from Hindu Indian rule is a jihad. Amid rampant poverty and a rising tide of fundamentalism, the Kashmir crisis threatens to rattle Pakistan?s fragile stability ?- think Afghanistan with nuclear weapons...
...since 1948," says TIME New Delhi correspondent Maseeh Rahman. "Pakistan may be tempted to defend the infiltrators by attacking Indian planes, but that would mean a full-scale war." Pakistan has denied responsibility for the incursion by heavily armed insurgents, some of whom may have been trained in the Afghanistan camps of alleged superterrorist Osama Bin Laden. But Islamabad's protestations of innocence are dismissed in New Delhi, which insists that an incursion of this scale could not have been undertaken without active Pakistani military involvement. Thursday's shoot-down is taken by India as further proof of Pakistani complicity...
...This case seems to show the extent of the shambles in the U.S. intelligence establishment," says TIME correspondent William Dowell. "The operation to train Muslims to fight the Soviets in Afghanistan during the '80s has proved to be a disaster. And there's an obvious lack of coordination between different arms of the intelligence establishment -- this former field officer of a foreign army turned up as a sergeant in one of the U.S. Army's most sensitive special warfare facilities after having been turned away by the CIA as a security risk in 1984. So there's an obvious question...
...While serving in the U.S. Army, Mohamed is alleged to have trained Muslim volunteers in New York to fight in Afghanistan. "Somebody had to know he was coming up here and training people," says Dowell. "This case is going to highlight the need for a hard look at the effect of interagency rivalry and of budget cuts on the state of U.S. intelligence." Convicting Mohamed may depend on being able to prove his involvement in a conspiracy -- after all, simply providing training to Muslim fundamentalists who later turned against the U.S. is a charge that could apply more widely...
...Clark's ideas, this is the most seductive. A small, powerful force that can be quickly moved anywhere around the globe seems a perfect match for problem spots like Kosovo. The Army has been trying to pull it off for two decades, reaching back to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, which made Washington planners nervous about conflicts in that part of the world. But the idea died amid Army politics and lean budgets...