Word: afghanization
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Soviet border. The road was a "gift" from the U.S.S.R. to the people of Afghanistan in the 1960s. Western experts noted at the time that it would make an ideal invasion route. So it did in 1979, when the Kremlin decided to extend "fraternal assistance" to the beleaguered Afghan Communist regime. Soon the highway will prove useful once again, as the 115,000 Soviet troops in Afghanistan, whom the Kremlin described nine long years ago as a "temporary contingent," begin heading home...
Within a month after becoming General Secretary in 1985, Gorbachev set about to cauterize the wound. In the weeks ahead, Gorbachev and his comrades must be prepared for the spectacle of their abandoned Afghan quislings hanging for ) their lives from the undercarriages of Hind helicopters as they lift off from the Soviet embassy roof -- or hanging dead from the lampposts in Kabul...
...cover its retreat, Moscow is banking on the tenacity of Najibullah, the Afghan Communist leader installed by the Soviets in 1986, and his ragtag 150,000-member security force. Najibullah, the former chief of KHAD, the Afghan secret police, is trying to win over the mujahedin by promoting capitalism and elections and by playing up his adherence to the Muslim faith. His efforts have not impressed the rebels, but he evidently hopes to gain credibility in Western eyes...
...people on Afghanistan's border with the Soviet Union. One stop on the I.C.D.P. tour was a large, blue-tiled mosque, where about 1,500 men listened as a stooped, aged mullah read from the Koran. When several worshipers turned and glared at the intruders, however, the Afghan officials hustled the group out the door. The episode offered a possible indication of religious freedom, but not of any warmth toward the government...
...business community was more friendly, in the person of Rasul Barat, 31, a dapper entrepreneur who boasted, "Half of Mazar-i-Sharif is mine." Barat welcomed his guests with a poolside barbecue complete with lamb kabob and imported German beer. Elected a short time ago to the Afghan legislature, & Barat claimed that Afghanistan's taxes were so low he had recently been able to import three autos, from Mercedes, Mitsubishi and Ford...