Word: afghanization
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Despite the fractious relations among the rebel leaders, most observers still look to them to make the next move in the Afghan showdown. There are seven factions altogether, all rooted in Islam, Afghanistan's universal faith. The four fundamentalist leaders...
...Burhanuddin Rabbani, 48, heads the Jamiat-i-Islami (Islamic League), militarily the strongest Afghan party. A former theology professor at Kabul University, Rabbani has fought against Afghan governments since 1970. Rabbani's main weakness: his political strength lies with the Tajik and Uzbek ethnic groups in a country that has traditionally been ruled by Pashtuns...
...effort to patch together a political future for the Moscow-backed regime of Afghan President Najibullah, Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze made a quick trip to Islamabad, where he conferred with Pakistan's leaders. But this attempt to cloak the embarrassed retreat with some diplomatic fig leaves failed, surprising few Soviet citizens, who have long since made up their minds about the misdirected war effort. "It was a noble cause," said a returning soldier last week, "and a mistake." Moscow's task will be to resurrect dignity from the rubble of a bitter defeat that cost 15,000 Soviet lives...
...mujahedin rebels. No one knows whether the Soviets will mount cross-border air raids to thwart the rebels' designs, or if Washington intends to keep open its not-so-covert arms pipeline through Pakistan to the rebels. But even if the superpowers bow out entirely, both sides in the Afghan conflict have enough stockpiled arms to keep the conflagration raging for months. "No one is operating under any illusions," warns a U.S. specialist on Afghanistan. "The situation is going to get a lot nastier...
Alexander A. Bessmertnykh, the Soviet First Deputy foreign minister, told reporters in Moscow yesterday that his country had made an appeal on Thursday to many nations and world organizations to take a part in stabilizing the Afghan situation...