Word: afghanization
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...East today are born of a willful ignorance of history and culture. Tehran's current belligerence against the U.S. is a result, in part, of the Shah's supine relationship to Washington, which had reinstalled him in a 1953 coup. In the 1980s, America's gung-ho support for Afghan "freedom fighters," waging war against the communists, sowed the seeds of al-Qaeda and other extremist groups. (See pictures of heartbreak in the Middle East...
...Soviets both paid dearly for ignoring history. The Shah's equation of modernization with Westernization proved folly. Like the Soviets, he ignored the strength of religious and indigenous mores. Harnessed to grievances (the Shah's repression, Soviet imperialism) and to technologies (U.S. Stinger missiles, in the case of the Afghan war), those sentiments became strong enough to defeat the Soviet forces and send the Shah into exile. Importing foreign ideologies or language can create bitter historical ironies. The nuclear program that the Shah championed as a symbol of his Westernization and modernization is now, in the hands of the Ahmadinejad...
...Laden's last confirmed presence was at the siege of Tora Bora, in eastern Afghanistan, in December 2001, when the al-Qaeda chief and dozens of his men bribed Afghan mercenaries hired by U.S. special forces to let them escape, probably into the Pakistani mountains directly across the border. A Pakistani intelligence officer who was the main liaison with the Taliban before 9/11 tells TIME that he informed then President Pervez Musharraf that bin Laden, who was said to be gravely ill, most likely died several weeks after Tora Bora and was buried in a hastily dug, unmarked grave...
...press were in Karachi on a shopping trip for washing-machine timers and other parts for triggering bombs. Most important among the trio of suspects was Ameer Mauawia, described by Pakistani intelligence officers as the commander of al-Qaeda's foreign fighters on the Pakistani tribal lands along the Afghan border. Mauawia is said to be a trusted and longtime ally of bin Laden's, whom he allegedly followed when bin Laden fled from Sudan in May 1996 to Afghanistan to set up his terrorist training camps...
...operations for the Pakistani Taliban, which views Islamabad as great an enemy as the NATO troops in Afghanistan and has staged dozens of suicide bombings in major Pakistani cities and towns, killing hundreds. Pakistani security forces also arrested two senior Taliban commanders in charge of operations in the northern Afghan provinces of Kunduz and Baghlan. The Kunduz commander, Mullah Abdul Salam, was captured far from the Afghan border, in the central Punjabi town of Faisalabad. And according to Pakistani intelligence and tribal leaders, a missile fired on Thursday by a U.S. drone at a vehicle in Pakistan's tribal territory...