Word: africanism
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...story ended there, it would have had its share of irony. The Premier of Togoland, Sylvanus Olympic, against whom the plot was presumably directed, has long been a thorn in the French side. A graduate of the London School of Economics and a top African executive in Unilever (Lever Bros.), Olympio lobbied so successfully in Paris and at the U.N. that he wangled from a reluctant Paris the promise of independence...
...commune burgomasters in 1957, he had himself declared "Supreme Leader" by his followers, and began receiving homage seated on a leopard skin, symbol of tribal supreme power. Meanwhile, the rival Bangalas also began organizing, and the bush telegraph began to echo the nationalist sentiments of the recent All African Peoples Conference in Accra. To make matters worse, the demand for Congolese copper ore hit a slump, and jobless natives swarmed into the city to find work. Finally, one day last week, 4,000 blacks jammed into the courtyard of a Y.M.C.A. to hear Kasavubu speak at an unauthorized protest meeting...
...city, upset and burned cars, stoned and mauled Europeans, pillaged shops. Bands looted public buildings and invaded mission schools, concentrating their fury on Roman Catholic more than on Protestant schools (though Kasavubu, mission-educated, studied philosophy for three years as a Catholic seminarist). Under orders from their Belgian officers, African police opened fire, and Belgian paratroopers manned key points about the European part of the city. But for two whole days the rioting continued, until an estimated 175 people had been killed...
...civil liberties. It sent observers to the political trial of Yugoslavia's Milovan Djilas and to South Africa's mass treason trial, and believes that their presence may have helped to shame the prosecution into redrafting the flimsy indictments of the 91 defendants in the South African trial. To New Delhi Britain sent a high-powered delegation that hoped, in after-hours talk, to impress on lawyers who had come from newly independent Commonwealth countries the need for strict constitutional limitations on the powers of such ambitious rulers as Ghana's Premier Kwame Nkrumah...
...opposed setting up a U.N. commission for Africa like those already in existence for Asia, Europe and Latin America. Not until last spring, and after U.S. prompting, did the U.N. finally establish the E.G.A. headquarters in Ethiopia, oldest independent nation on the continent. Membership: six European nations, nine independent African countries, and associates from colonial and trust territories. In a continent with a bewildering array of problems and a disheartening lack of experience, the commission hopes to help raise living standards by pooling economic information and skill...